What is the purpose of caulking in building construction?

Caulking plays a critical role in building construction, primarily used to seal gaps and prevent air and moisture infiltration. This is essential for maintaining indoor air quality and energy efficiency; by sealing openings around windows, doors, and other joints, caulking minimizes the escape of heated or cooled air from the building, making it more energy-efficient. Furthermore, preventing moisture infiltration helps protect the structure from potential damage, such as mold growth or wood rot.

While caulking can provide a neat appearance, its primary function is not decorative. It is also not intended to strengthen the overall structure or improve electrical insulation, as those purposes fall under different materials and methods in construction. Thus, the correct understanding of caulking's purpose directly relates to its effectiveness in sealing and protecting the integrity of a building.